Contrafacts are not to be confused with musical quotations, which borrow rhythms or melodies from an existing composition. Contrafacts contrafacts are good for their expediency, since you can come out with your own line on a standard tune without having to first rehearse it. This idea has been especially important to the development of jazz especially bebop. Onesixtwofive parts 710 just friends solo on the chords. Jazz chord symbols used above the staff in addition to short idioms, we can capture larger selections such as the line in figure 2 from red garlands. Jazz contrafacts and reharmonization techniques for. So wouldnt it be a great idea to spend time practicing composing. The theme was inspired by an email i received in february from erie, pennsylvaniabased jazz guitarist and music store proprietor jim lynch. Apr 02, 2017 a contrafact is a song that uses a new melody over an already existing chord progression. Jazz in america glossary for lesson vi cool, hard bop, and. Spotlight jazz instrumental rules whats required of me for my jazz instrumental preliminary 1 video audition all students begin with a preliminary 1 video audition. Here is a bebop etude i wrote out over the chord changes to charlie parkers donna lee which is actually a contrafact of the jazz standard indiana. Free jazz improvisation pdf downloads improv pathways.
Judging by the number of times it has been recorded, autumn leaves is the most important nonamerican standard in the jazz repertoire. Jul 21, 2010 blues for alice on learn jazz standards is a great way to improve your ability to play more inside the changes with bebop ideas. Typically the original tunes progression and song form will be reused but occasionally just a section will be reused in the new composition. Those scoring highest will advance to preliminary 2 live auditions in december 2019. He was listening to the streaming version of my show when i. The idea worked for bird, and it is still done today. The practice became common in the bebop era when musicians wanted to improve their chops by playing over chord progressions they were extremely familiar with. A contrafact is a composition thats based on an established set of chord changes. Oct 06, 2017 this week is a continuation of last weeks lesson.
There are many good examples of the contrafact in usable jazz repertoire rhythm changes taken from the aforementioned i got rhythm chordal framework has at least a dozen notable contrafacts, most of which are thanks to charlie parker anthropology, moose the mooch, sonny rollins oleo etc. Now gioia brings his magnificent work completely uptodate, drawing on the latest research and revisiting virtually every aspect of. Bookends is a contrafact over a familiar waltz form, but played instead in four. Jazz contrafacts tesi diploma di biennio nicola fazzini. Big band jazz contrafact symbolism les six hauptstimme expressionism year of hitlers ascendancy tintinnabuli sprechstimme 1930s ultramodern composers neoclassicism dodecaphony or 12tone system 1930s conservative composers palindrome in music rite of springs collaborators main countries involved in ww. Some of the finest performers and teachers of jazz appear at these workshops. Medium brass ranges with trumpet 1 up to written a and trombone 1 up to a written g above the staff. Jazz composition available for download and read online in other formats.
Jazz in america glossary for lesson v the bebop era contrafact. Jazz in america glossary for lesson vi cool, hard bop, and modal jazz contrafact. A blueprint for building your repertoire, i outlined some ideas to ponder while creating a repertoire of tunes. In classical music, contrafacts have been used as early as the parody mass and in nomine of the 16th century.
These include both broadwaytype songs, and tunes written by jazz. Symbol meaning m major m minor 7 minor seventh, if standing alone 6 major sixth table 2. A contrafact is a song that uses a new melody over an already existing chord progression. Jazz piano lessons exercises, etudes and patterns youtube. A 30day audio ecourse that walks you through focused, goaloriented practicing, where you will be working on things that actually improve your jazz playing. Perspectives includes original sheet music for jazz ensemble ranging in difficulty from middle school to professional level, corresponding downloadable recordings by the jazz ambassadors, discographies, pro tips videos, promotional material, and much more. A contrafact is a musical work based on a prior work. Check out our blues for alice jazz etude and the solo transcription of charlie parkers solo below. Pdf jazz contrafacts tesi diploma di biennio nicola fazzini.
For example, over a iivivi, you could use the bebop scale based on the root of the v chord over the first two chords and the major bebop scale based on the root of the i chord over the last two chords. The other common form youll encounter as you build your repertoire is the 32 bar abac form, 8 bar sections once again, but here the second b is slightly altered making it a c. Session 5 original compositions written by composing a new melody to fit the existing harmony to a jazz standard. How to be productive at home from a remote work veteran. The first section is short answer identification of individuals, periods and jazz terminology. This little quirk allowed jazz musicians, record studios, and radio stations to avoid paying royalties to composers. You can make your reharmonization as plain or as out there as you would like. Jazz in america glossary for lesson vi cool, hard bop.
Watkins has performed in more than 20 countries and with artists ranging from bob mintzer jazz saxophone to marlene pauley classical clarinet. Be sure to checkout my post on 250 jazz patterns by evan tate. Mark watkins received his degrees from brigham young university and indiana university and has studied with eugene rousseau, daniel deffayet, ray smith, and yushi ishiwata and jazz with david baker. Jazz chord symbols used above the staff in addition to short idioms, we can capture larger selections such as the line in. The rhythms are jazz inflected and require swinging. Warne marsh jazz of two cities 1983, vinyl discogs.
Within jazz itself, sometimes the more popular contrafacts can become better known to musicians than the original composition. Special emphasis on syncopation and dividing the 34 measure into 2 dotted quarter notes. A contrafact is a musical composition built using the chord progression of a pre existing song. This article is a list of notable contrafacts by jazz artists. Bebop contrafacts vs hip hop sampling by ashley sable on prezi. Blues for alice on learn jazz standards is a great way to improve your ability to play more inside the changes with bebop ideas. In this instructional jazz series well discuss topics including scales, voicings, modalism, pentatonics. Its very popular in jam sessions and a crucial part of everyones piano repertoire. Jazz contrafacts and reharmonization techniques for improvisers. Not only is the melody accessible, but it follows a fairly standard blues melody progression. The jazz ambassadors of the united states army field band proudly brings you perspectives.
The term comes from classical music and has only since the 1970s been applied to jazz apparently first by patrick in 1975see further reading below, where it is still not standard. May 27, 20 the contrafact stems from a desire to create something new, a creative inclination to take a different approach within an existing framework. A contrafact is a musical composition built using the chord progression of a preexisting song, but with a new melody and arrangement. However, the contrafact is not an exclusively jazz phenomenon, the tradition of taking an existing song and altering it started in the 16th century. The contrafact stems from a desire to create something new, a creative inclination to take a different approach within an existing framework. Concepts like how to learn, listen to, and how to approach the great american songbook as you prepare to build your own repertoire. I am providing pdf files and mp3 files for all 12 keys. Our notation for chords follows jazz lead sheet abbreviations, as given in table 2.
This should readily facilitate practicing in all 12 keys. Big band jazz contrafact symbolism les six hauptstimme expressionism year of hitlers ascendancy tintinnabuli sprechstimme 1930s ultramodern composers neoclassicism dodecaphony or 12tone system 1930s conservative composers palindrome in music rite of springs collaborators main countries involved in ww ii. Pdf jazz composition download full pdf book download. Rhythm changes is a chord progression that is based on a gershwin song i got rhythm. Pdf a major part of the developmental process in jazz involved the recasting of older musical structures with contemporary musical ideas. Jazz in america glossary for lesson v the bebop era. Apr 20, 2011 in jazz advice and tips, jazz standards i n a recent post. Ted gioias history of jazz has been universally hailed as a classicacclaimed by jazz critics and fans around the world. History and analysis of autumn leaves philippe baudoin introduction this article is a revised portion of a larger work that will be published as encyclopedia of 2500 jazz tunes a thematic, historical, musicological, and discographical catalogue. This is a great exercise in many different ways because there are so many possibilities. This article traces the compositions interesting history through the various published versions, and shows how its oftstudied musical structure has ties to classical compositions.
Feb 21, 2017 here is a bebop etude i wrote out over the chord changes to charlie parkers donna lee which is actually a contrafact of the jazz standard indiana. Now we are taking our contrafact and writing new chord changes to it, effectively coming up with our own tune. Evanss 250 jazz patterns book has patterns in all 12 keys and will be extremely useful with these jazz standard backing tracks in all 12 keys. But i would like to purchase a copy from a us seller to save on postage. A contrafact is a new musical composition built out of an. There is a good balance of ensemble tutti sections, contrapuntal independence, and dynamic ranges. Im looking for jazz of two cities on the blue note reissue series in near mint condition. Sep 29, 2017 the final step in getting the most out of a contrafact is taking your new melody and then re harmonizing the chord changes to make a completely original tune. The history of jazz, has really helped me fill in some gaps in my jazz education, so that i am once again inspired to continue my musical education, both as a player and a jazz writer. Jazz standards and bebop tunes are made up of a lot of the same chord progressions, and the bebop scale works great over them. A contrafact is an original melody composed to the chord progression of an existing songcontrafacts do not violate, as chord progressions are not ableavailable is the imaginary book of chord changes. Gioias history is thorough and well thought through. I highly recommend our summer jazz workshops which are offered in the u.
In jazz, rhythm changes is a very common form and is used as the basic framework for many wellknown and commonlyplayed tunes. The optimism expressed in the melody, and in the lyric, is timeless. A jazz tune based on an extant set of chord changes, usually from a standard. The contrafact has a particular significance in jazz, particularly from the 1930s to late 1950s, where musicians extensively used contrafacts to generate new work. Those scoring highest after preliminary 2 will advance to the semifinals.
The best known contrafacts in jazz are the many versions of the blues. Blues for alice isnt just an easy blues with i, iv, and v chords. Things aint what they used to be is a great introduction to the music of the duke ellington orchestra. The final step in getting the most out of a contrafact is taking your new melody and then re harmonizing the chord changes to make a completely original tune. Here is my effort at selecting the 100 most important standards for an aspiring jazz improviser to learn. Composing contrafacts to improve jazz improvisation youtube.